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Rad 6: Rad 6:
b) Av räknelagarna för skalärprodukt följer att <math>F</math> är linjär:
b) Av räknelagarna för skalärprodukt följer att <math>F</math> är linjär:
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<math>\begin{align} F(\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)&=((\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{a}=((\boldsymbol{u}_1|\boldsymbol{a})+(\boldsymbol{u}_2|\boldsymbol{a}))\boldsymbol{a}\\ &=(\boldsymbol{u}_1|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{a}+(\boldsymbol{u}_2|\boldsymbol{a}))\boldsymbol{a}=F(\boldsymbol{u}_1)+F(\boldsymbol{u}_2)
+
<center><math>\begin{align} F(\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)&=((\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{a}=((\boldsymbol{u}_1|\boldsymbol{a})+(\boldsymbol{u}_2|\boldsymbol{a}))\boldsymbol{a}\\ &=(\boldsymbol{u}_1|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{a}+(\boldsymbol{u}_2|\boldsymbol{a}))\boldsymbol{a}=F(\boldsymbol{u}_1)+F(\boldsymbol{u}_2)
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\end{align}</math>
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\end{align}</math></center>
och
och
Rad 13: Rad 13:
c) <math>F</math> är ej linjär:
c) <math>F</math> är ej linjär:
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\begin{align}
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<center><math>\begin{align} F(\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)&=((\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)|\boldsymbol{a})(\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2) =((\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_1+((\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_2\\ &=\underline{(\boldsymbol{u}_1|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_1}+(\boldsymbol{u}_2|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_1 +(\boldsymbol{u}_1|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_2+\underline{\underline{(\boldsymbol{u}_2|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_2}}\\ &=\underline{F(\boldsymbol{u}_1)}+\underline{\underline{F(\boldsymbol{u}_2)}}+(\boldsymbol{u}_2|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_1+(\boldsymbol{u}_1|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_2 \neq F(\boldsymbol{u}_1)+F(\boldsymbol{u}_2)
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F(\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)&=((\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)|\boldsymbol{a})(\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)
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\end{align}</math></center>
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=((\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_1+((\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_2\\
+
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&=\underline{(\boldsymbol{u}_1|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_1}+(\boldsymbol{u}_2|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_1
+
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+(\boldsymbol{u}_1|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_2+\underline{\underline{(\boldsymbol{u}_2|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_2}}\\
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&=\underline{F(\boldsymbol{u}_1)}+\underline{\underline{F(\boldsymbol{u}_2)}}+(\boldsymbol{u}_2|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_1+(\boldsymbol{u}_1|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_2
+
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\neq F(\boldsymbol{u}_1)+F(\boldsymbol{u}_2)
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\end{align}
+

Versionen från 14 augusti 2008 kl. 07.47

a) 1. Vi visar först att \displaystyle F är additiv. Av egenskaperna för skalärprodukt följer att

\displaystyle F(\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)=(\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2|\boldsymbol{v})=(\boldsymbol{u}_1|\boldsymbol{v})+(\boldsymbol{u}_2|\boldsymbol{v})=F(\boldsymbol{u}_1)+F(\boldsymbol{u}_2).

2. Vi visar nu att \displaystyle F är homogen:

\displaystyle F(\lambda\boldsymbol{u})=(\lambda\boldsymbol{u}|\boldsymbol{v})=\lambda(\boldsymbol{u}|\boldsymbol{v})=\lambda F(\boldsymbol{u}).

Alltså \displaystyle F är både additiv och homogen och därmed linjär.

b) Av räknelagarna för skalärprodukt följer att \displaystyle F är linjär:

\displaystyle \begin{align} F(\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)&=((\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{a}=((\boldsymbol{u}_1|\boldsymbol{a})+(\boldsymbol{u}_2|\boldsymbol{a}))\boldsymbol{a}\\ &=(\boldsymbol{u}_1|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{a}+(\boldsymbol{u}_2|\boldsymbol{a}))\boldsymbol{a}=F(\boldsymbol{u}_1)+F(\boldsymbol{u}_2) \end{align}

och

\displaystyle F(\lambda\boldsymbol{u})=(\lambda\boldsymbol{u}|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{a}=\lambda(\boldsymbol{u}_1|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{a}=\lambda F(\boldsymbol{u}).

c) \displaystyle F är ej linjär:

\displaystyle \begin{align} F(\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)&=((\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)|\boldsymbol{a})(\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2) =((\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_1+((\boldsymbol{u}_1+\boldsymbol{u}_2)|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_2\\ &=\underline{(\boldsymbol{u}_1|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_1}+(\boldsymbol{u}_2|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_1 +(\boldsymbol{u}_1|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_2+\underline{\underline{(\boldsymbol{u}_2|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_2}}\\ &=\underline{F(\boldsymbol{u}_1)}+\underline{\underline{F(\boldsymbol{u}_2)}}+(\boldsymbol{u}_2|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_1+(\boldsymbol{u}_1|\boldsymbol{a})\boldsymbol{u}_2 \neq F(\boldsymbol{u}_1)+F(\boldsymbol{u}_2) \end{align}