Lösung 2.3:10b
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Version vom 14:04, 22. Okt. 2008
The inequality \displaystyle y\le 1-x^{2} defines the area under and on the curve \displaystyle y=1-x^{2}, which is a parabola with a maximum at (0,1). We can rewrite the other inequality \displaystyle x\ge 2y-3 as \displaystyle y\le x/2+3/2 and it defines the area under and on the straight line \displaystyle y=x/2+3/2.
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| The region y ≤ 1 - x² | The region x ≥ 2y - 3 |
Of the figures above, it seems that the region associated with the parabola lies completely under the line \displaystyle y=x/2+3/2 and this means that the area under the parabola satisfies both inequalities.
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| The region y ≤ 1 - x² and x ≥ 2y - 3 |
Note: If you feel unsure about whether the parabola really does lie under the line, i.e. that it just happens to look as though it does, we can investigate if the y-values on the line \displaystyle y_{\scriptstyle\text{line}} = x/2+3/2 is always larger than the corresponding y-value on the parabola \displaystyle y_{\scriptstyle\text{parabola}} = 1-x^{2} by studying the difference between them
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\displaystyle y_{\scriptstyle\text{line}} - y_{\scriptstyle\text{parabola}} = \frac{x}{2} + \frac{3}{2} - (1-x^{2})\,\textrm{.} |
If this difference is positive regardless of how x is chosen, then we know that the line's y-value is always greater than the parabola's y-value. After a little simplification and completing the square, we have
| \displaystyle \begin{align}
y_{\scriptstyle\text{line}} - y_{\scriptstyle\text{parabola}} &= \frac{x}{2} + \frac{3}{2} - (1-x^{2})\\[5pt] &= x^{2}+\frac{1}{2}x+\frac{1}{2}\\[5pt] &= \Bigl(x+\frac{1}{4}\Bigr)^{2} - \Bigl(\frac{1}{4}\Bigr)^{2} + \frac{1}{2}\\[5pt] &= \Bigl(x+\frac{1}{4}\Bigr)^{2} + \frac{7}{16} \end{align} |
and this expression is always positive because \displaystyle \tfrac{7}{16} is a positive number and \displaystyle \bigl(x+\tfrac{1}{4}\bigr)^{2} is a quadratic which is never negative. In other words, the parabola is completely under the line.
