From Förberedande kurs i matematik 2

The integral can be simplified by a so-called polynomial division. We add and take away 1 in the numerator and can thus eliminate the \displaystyle x^2-term from the numerator

\displaystyle \frac{x^2}{x^{2}+1} = \frac{x^2+1-1}{x^2+1} = \frac{x^2+1}{x^2+1} - \frac{1}{x^2+1} = 1-\frac{1}{x^2+1}\,\textrm{.}

Thus, we have

\displaystyle \int\frac{x^2}{x^2+1}\,dx = \int\Bigl(1-\frac{1}{x^2+1} \Bigr)\,dx = x-\arctan x+C\,\textrm{.}