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		<title>1. Numerical calculations - Revision history</title>
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			<title>Eakc07: Minor grammatical changes</title>
			<link>http://wiki.sommarmatte.se/wikis/2008/bridgecourse1-ImperialCollege/index.php?title=1._Numerical_calculations&amp;diff=5906&amp;oldid=prev</link>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;Minor grammatical changes&lt;/p&gt;

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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;←Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:48, 21 October 2008&lt;/td&gt;
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		&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 42:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 42:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fun puzzles with sound can be found, inter alia, on Puzzel Playground  [http://www.puzzles.com/puzzleplayground/Numbers.htm Puzzel Playground ]]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fun puzzles with sound can be found, inter alia, on Puzzel Playground  [http://www.puzzles.com/puzzleplayground/Numbers.htm Puzzel Playground ]]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;''' It is important to note that the material in this section &amp;amp;mdash; as well as in other parts of the course &amp;amp;mdash; &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is &lt;/del&gt;designed so that &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;one &lt;/del&gt;does not use &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;calculators&lt;/del&gt;.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;''' It is important to note that the material in this section &amp;amp;mdash; as well as in other parts of the course &amp;amp;mdash; &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;has been &lt;/ins&gt;designed so that &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;reader &lt;/ins&gt;does not &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;need the &lt;/ins&gt;use &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of a calculator&lt;/ins&gt;.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When you get to university you will not be allowed to use calculators during your &amp;quot;exams&amp;quot;, at least this is true for the basic courses. For advanced courses in mathematics one has hardly any use of calculators as the mathematics is more about understanding principles than performing calculations. For example, it is more important to understand why  7 + 3 is the same as 3 + 7 than to be able to carry out the additions and obtain the answer 10. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When you get to university you will not be allowed to use calculators during your &amp;quot;exams&amp;quot;, at least this is true for the basic courses. For advanced courses in mathematics one has hardly any use of calculators as the mathematics is more about understanding principles than performing calculations. For example, it is more important to understand why  7 + 3 is the same as 3 + 7 than to be able to carry out the additions and obtain the answer 10. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 53:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 53:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Start by reading the section's theory and study the examples. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Start by reading the section's theory and study the examples. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Work through &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;the exercises and try to solve them without using a  calculator. Make sure that you have the right answer by clicking on the answer button. If &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;you do not have it, &lt;/del&gt;you can click on the solution button to see what went wrong&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Work through the exercises and try to solve them without using a  calculator. Make sure that you have the right answer by clicking on the answer button. If &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;your answer is incorrect &lt;/ins&gt;you can click on the solution button to see what went wrong&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#  Then go ahead and &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;answer the questions in the basic test of the section. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#  Then go ahead and answer the questions in the basic test of the section. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# If  you get stuck on a point&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt;check to see if someone else has discussed the point in the forum belonging to the section. If not, take up the point yourself. Your teacher (or a student) will respond to your &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;question within a few hours.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# If  you get stuck on a point check to see if someone else has discussed the point in the forum belonging to the section. If not, take up the point yourself. Your teacher (or a student) will respond to your question within a few hours.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#When you are finished with the exercises and the basic test in a section &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;you should take the final test &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;to get a pass for the section. The requirement here is to answer correctly &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;three questions in a row before you can &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;move on to the next section.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#When you are finished with the exercises and the basic test in a section you should take the final test to get a pass for the section. The requirement here is to answer correctly three questions in a row before you can move on to the next section.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#When you have answered &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;correctly &lt;/del&gt;all questions in both the basic and the final test of this section you will have a pass for this section &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;and can move on to Part 2 of the course.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#When you have answered all &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;questions &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;correctly &lt;/ins&gt;in both the basic and the final test of this section you will have a pass for this section and can move on to Part 2 of the course.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp; PS. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp; PS. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;You must answer all the questions correctly for both the basic and the final test, &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;but &lt;/del&gt;you may do &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;a test several times. Even if &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;you do not succeed in passing a test at first attempt, it is your last &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;results, which appear &lt;/del&gt;in the statistics.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;You must answer all the questions correctly for both the basic and the final test, &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;however &lt;/ins&gt;you may do a test several times. Even if you do not succeed in passing a test at first attempt, it is your last &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;result that appears &lt;/ins&gt;in the statistics.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If you feel that you are familiar with the contents of a section &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;you can go directly to the basic and final tests. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If you feel that you are familiar with the contents of a section you can go directly to the basic and final tests. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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			<pubDate>Tue, 21 Oct 2008 14:48:50 GMT</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Eakc07</dc:creator>			<comments>http://wiki.sommarmatte.se/wikis/2008/bridgecourse1-ImperialCollege/index.php/Talk:1._Numerical_calculations</comments>		</item>
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			<title>Eakc07: Minor grammatical changes</title>
			<link>http://wiki.sommarmatte.se/wikis/2008/bridgecourse1-ImperialCollege/index.php?title=1._Numerical_calculations&amp;diff=5905&amp;oldid=prev</link>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;Minor grammatical changes&lt;/p&gt;

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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;←Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:42, 21 October 2008&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;We begin with a discussion of various kinds of numbers and the usual basic operations. The numbers originated in measurements of various kinds (in &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the animal &lt;/del&gt;enclosure: 17 sheep, credit: -250 EURO, per guest: 1 / 8 cake, perimeter of the circle: 2 cm.).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;We begin with a discussion of various kinds of numbers and the usual basic operations. The numbers originated in measurements of various kinds (&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;animals &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;an &lt;/ins&gt;enclosure: 17 sheep, credit: -250 EURO, &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;amount &lt;/ins&gt;per guest: 1 / 8 cake, perimeter of the circle: 2 cm.).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The basic arithmetic operations are structured in a hierarchy that begins with &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;addition and &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;its opposite, subtraction. Following on from addition we have multiplication&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt;which is &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;addition repeated several times. The opposite operation to &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;multiplication is division.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The basic arithmetic operations are structured in a hierarchy that begins with addition and its opposite, subtraction. Following on from addition we have multiplication which is addition repeated several times. The opposite operation to multiplication is division.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If one continues in the same way the next operation is exponentiation or &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;raising to a power&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt;which &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is &lt;/del&gt;a multiplication repeated several times. The reverse operation to this is to take the root of a number. Even logarithms can be regarded as a reverse operation  to exponentiation. (This you can read about in Part 3 ''Roots and Logarithms''.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If one continues in the same way the next operation is exponentiation or raising to a power which &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;can be considered as &lt;/ins&gt;a multiplication repeated several times. The reverse operation to this is to take the root of a number. Even logarithms can be regarded as a reverse operation  to exponentiation. (This you can read about in Part 3 ''Roots and Logarithms''.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 42:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 42:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fun puzzles with sound can be found, inter alia, on Puzzel Playground  [http://www.puzzles.com/puzzleplayground/Numbers.htm Puzzel Playground ]]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fun puzzles with sound can be found, inter alia, on Puzzel Playground  [http://www.puzzles.com/puzzleplayground/Numbers.htm Puzzel Playground ]]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;''' It is important to note that the material in this section &amp;amp;mdash; as well as in other parts of the course &amp;amp;mdash; is designed that one does not use &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;calculators.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;''' It is important to note that the material in this section &amp;amp;mdash; as well as in other parts of the course &amp;amp;mdash; is designed &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;so &lt;/ins&gt;that one does not use calculators.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When you get to university&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt;you will not be allowed to use calculators during your &amp;quot;exams&amp;quot;, at least &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;this is true for the basic courses. &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In &lt;/del&gt;advanced courses in mathematics one has &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;hardly any use of calculators&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt;as the mathematics &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;is more about understanding &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;principles &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;than performing &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; calculation&lt;/del&gt;. For example, it is more important to understand why  7 + 3 is the same as 3 + 7&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt;than to be able to carry out the additions and obtain the answer 10. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When you get to university you will not be allowed to use calculators during your &amp;quot;exams&amp;quot;, at least this is true for the basic courses. &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;For &lt;/ins&gt;advanced courses in mathematics one has hardly any use of calculators as the mathematics is more about understanding principles than performing &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;calculations&lt;/ins&gt;. For example, it is more important to understand why  7 + 3 is the same as 3 + 7 than to be able to carry out the additions and obtain the answer 10. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 52:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 52:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''To do well in arithmetic ''' &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''To do well in arithmetic ''' &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Start by reading the section's theory &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;and study &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;the examples. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Start by reading the section's theory and study the examples. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Work through  the exercises and try to solve them without using a  calculator. Make sure that you have the right answer by clicking on the answer button. If you do not have it, you can click on the solution button to see what went wrong&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Work through  the exercises and try to solve them without using a  calculator. Make sure that you have the right answer by clicking on the answer button. If you do not have it, you can click on the solution button to see what went wrong&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#  Then go ahead and  answer the questions in the basic test of the section. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#  Then go ahead and  answer the questions in the basic test of the section. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 21 Oct 2008 14:42:15 GMT</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Eakc07</dc:creator>			<comments>http://wiki.sommarmatte.se/wikis/2008/bridgecourse1-ImperialCollege/index.php/Talk:1._Numerical_calculations</comments>		</item>
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			<title>Eakc07 at 14:34, 21 October 2008</title>
			<link>http://wiki.sommarmatte.se/wikis/2008/bridgecourse1-ImperialCollege/index.php?title=1._Numerical_calculations&amp;diff=5904&amp;oldid=prev</link>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:34, 21 October 2008&lt;/td&gt;
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		&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 26:&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arithmetic is the study of the properties of numbers and the four basic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. We usually separate &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/del&gt;mathematics &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in &lt;/del&gt;different branches or areas&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt;and arithmetic is one of those branches. Other branches are&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt;for example&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt;algebra, geometry and the theory of functions. The word arithmetic comes from the Greek &amp;quot;arithmos&amp;quot;  meaning &amp;quot;number&amp;quot; and the ending -ic&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt; means &amp;quot;knowledge&amp;quot;. Thus the original meaning was &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;&amp;quot;knowledge of numbers.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arithmetic is the study of the properties of numbers and the four basic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. We usually separate mathematics &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;into &lt;/ins&gt;different branches or areas and arithmetic is one of those branches. Other branches are for example&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/ins&gt;algebra, geometry and the theory of functions. The word arithmetic comes from the Greek &amp;quot;arithmos&amp;quot;  meaning &amp;quot;number&amp;quot; and the ending -ic  means &amp;quot;knowledge&amp;quot;. Thus the original meaning was &amp;quot;knowledge of numbers.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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			<pubDate>Tue, 21 Oct 2008 14:34:58 GMT</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Eakc07</dc:creator>			<comments>http://wiki.sommarmatte.se/wikis/2008/bridgecourse1-ImperialCollege/index.php/Talk:1._Numerical_calculations</comments>		</item>
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			<title>Tek at 08:19, 10 September 2008</title>
			<link>http://wiki.sommarmatte.se/wikis/2008/bridgecourse1-ImperialCollege/index.php?title=1._Numerical_calculations&amp;diff=4057&amp;oldid=prev</link>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;inforuta&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;inforuta&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width: 580px;&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''To do well in arithmetic ''' &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''To do well in arithmetic ''' &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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			<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 08:19:58 GMT</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Tek</dc:creator>			<comments>http://wiki.sommarmatte.se/wikis/2008/bridgecourse1-ImperialCollege/index.php/Talk:1._Numerical_calculations</comments>		</item>
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			<title>Tekbot: 1. Numerisk räkning moved to 1. Numerical calculations: Robot: moved page</title>
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			<pubDate>Tue, 09 Sep 2008 12:18:23 GMT</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Tekbot</dc:creator>			<comments>http://wiki.sommarmatte.se/wikis/2008/bridgecourse1-ImperialCollege/index.php/Talk:1._Numerical_calculations</comments>		</item>
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Bild&lt;/del&gt;:pussel.jpg|thumb|250px|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Image&lt;/ins&gt;:pussel.jpg|thumb|250px|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fun puzzles with sound can be found, inter alia, on Puzzel Playground  [http://www.puzzles.com/puzzleplayground/Numbers.htm Puzzel Playground ]]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fun puzzles with sound can be found, inter alia, on Puzzel Playground  [http://www.puzzles.com/puzzleplayground/Numbers.htm Puzzel Playground ]]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
			<pubDate>Thu, 21 Aug 2008 06:18:49 GMT</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Tekbot</dc:creator>			<comments>http://wiki.sommarmatte.se/wikis/2008/bridgecourse1-ImperialCollege/index.php/Talk:1._Numerical_calculations</comments>		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Tek: small fixes</title>
			<link>http://wiki.sommarmatte.se/wikis/2008/bridgecourse1-ImperialCollege/index.php?title=1._Numerical_calculations&amp;diff=1771&amp;oldid=prev</link>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;small fixes&lt;/p&gt;

			&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;←Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 12:38, 13 August 2008&lt;/td&gt;
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		&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 12:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 12:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Watch the video in which the lecturer Lasse Svensson tells us how arithmetic developed and answers Elins questions. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Watch the video in which the lecturer Lasse Svensson tells us how arithmetic developed and answers Elins questions. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This first part of the course is about numerical calculations, that is,  calculations with numbers. Another name for this is arithmetic. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arithmetic is the study of the properties of numbers and the  four basic operations, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. We usually separate   mathematics in different branches or areas, and arithmetic is one of those branches. Other branches are, for example, algebra, geometry and the theory of functions. The word arithmetic comes from the Greek &amp;quot;arithmos&amp;quot;  meaning &amp;quot;number&amp;quot; and the ending -ic,  means &amp;quot;knowledge&amp;quot;. Thus the original meaning was  &amp;quot;knowledge of numbers.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This first part of the course is about numerical calculations, that is,  calculations with numbers. Another name for this is '''arithmetic'''. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arithmetic is the study of the properties of numbers and the four basic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. We usually separate   mathematics in different branches or areas, and arithmetic is one of those branches. Other branches are, for example, algebra, geometry and the theory of functions. The word arithmetic comes from the Greek &amp;quot;arithmos&amp;quot;  meaning &amp;quot;number&amp;quot; and the ending -ic,  means &amp;quot;knowledge&amp;quot;. Thus the original meaning was  &amp;quot;knowledge of numbers.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;We begin with a discussion of various kinds of numbers and the usual basic operations. The numbers originated in measurements of various kinds (in the animal enclosure: 17 sheep, credit: -250 EURO, per guest: 1 / 8 cake, perimeter of the circle: 2 cm.).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;We begin with a discussion of various kinds of numbers and the usual basic operations. The numbers originated in measurements of various kinds (in the animal enclosure: 17 sheep, credit: -250 EURO, per guest: 1 / 8 cake, perimeter of the circle: 2 cm.).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The basic arithmetic operations are structured in a hierarchy that begins with  addition and  its opposite, subtraction. Following on from addition we have multiplication, which is  addition repeated several times. The opposite operation to  multiplication is division.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The basic arithmetic operations are structured in a hierarchy that begins with  addition and  its opposite, subtraction. Following on from addition we have multiplication, which is  addition repeated several times. The opposite operation to  multiplication is division.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If one continues in the same way the next operation is exponentiation or  raising to a power, which is a multiplication repeated several times. The reverse operation to this is to take the root of a number. Even logarithms can be regarded as a reverse operation  to exponentiation. (This you can read about in Part 3 Roots and Logarithms.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If one continues in the same way the next operation is exponentiation or  raising to a power, which is a multiplication repeated several times. The reverse operation to this is to take the root of a number. Even logarithms can be regarded as a reverse operation  to exponentiation. (This you can read about in Part 3 &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;''&lt;/ins&gt;Roots and Logarithms&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;''&lt;/ins&gt;.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 49:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 53:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Start by reading the section's theory  and study  the examples. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Start by reading the section's theory  and study  the examples. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Work through  the &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;practice questions &lt;/del&gt;and try to solve them without using a  calculator. Make sure that you have the right answer by clicking on the answer button. If you do not have it, you can click on the solution button to see what went wrong&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Work through  the &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;exercises &lt;/ins&gt;and try to solve them without using a  calculator. Make sure that you have the right answer by clicking on the answer button. If you do not have it, you can click on the solution button to see what went wrong&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#  Then go ahead and  answer the questions in the basic test of the section. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#  Then go ahead and  answer the questions in the basic test of the section. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# If  you get stuck on a point, check to see if someone else has discussed the point in the forum belonging to the section. If not, take up the point yourself. Your teacher (or a student) will respond to your  question within a few hours.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# If  you get stuck on a point, check to see if someone else has discussed the point in the forum belonging to the section. If not, take up the point yourself. Your teacher (or a student) will respond to your  question within a few hours.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 13 Aug 2008 12:38:59 GMT</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Tek</dc:creator>			<comments>http://wiki.sommarmatte.se/wikis/2008/bridgecourse1-ImperialCollege/index.php/Talk:1._Numerical_calculations</comments>		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Ian at 07:35, 15 July 2008</title>
			<link>http://wiki.sommarmatte.se/wikis/2008/bridgecourse1-ImperialCollege/index.php?title=1._Numerical_calculations&amp;diff=1642&amp;oldid=prev</link>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;←Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 07:35, 15 July 2008&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;/tr&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 46:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 46:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;inforuta&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;inforuta&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Success with &lt;/del&gt;arithmetic ''' &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;To do well in &lt;/ins&gt;arithmetic ''' &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Start by reading the section's theory  and study  the examples. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Start by reading the section's theory  and study  the examples. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 15 Jul 2008 07:35:13 GMT</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Ian</dc:creator>			<comments>http://wiki.sommarmatte.se/wikis/2008/bridgecourse1-ImperialCollege/index.php/Talk:1._Numerical_calculations</comments>		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Ian at 14:55, 1 July 2008</title>
			<link>http://wiki.sommarmatte.se/wikis/2008/bridgecourse1-ImperialCollege/index.php?title=1._Numerical_calculations&amp;diff=1616&amp;oldid=prev</link>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;←Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:55, 1 July 2008&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''What is a number and who invented &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in &lt;/del&gt;the four basic arithmetic operations ? &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''What is a number and who invented &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;the four basic arithmetic operations? &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Vad är ett tal och vem hittade på de olika räknesätten?&lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This first part of the course is about numerical calculations, that is&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. on &lt;/del&gt;calculations with numbers. Another name for this is arithmetic. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This first part of the course is about numerical calculations, that is&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;,  &lt;/ins&gt;calculations with numbers. Another name for this is arithmetic. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arithmetic is the study of the properties of numbers and the  four basic operations, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. We usually separate   mathematics in different branches or areas, and arithmetic is one of those branches. Other branches are, for example, algebra, geometry and theory of functions. The word arithmetic comes from the Greek &amp;quot;arithmos&amp;quot;  meaning &amp;quot;number&amp;quot; and the ending -ic,  means &amp;quot;knowledge&amp;quot;. Thus the original meaning was  &amp;quot;knowledge of numbers.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arithmetic is the study of the properties of numbers and the  four basic operations, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. We usually separate   mathematics in different branches or areas, and arithmetic is one of those branches. Other branches are, for example, algebra, geometry and &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;theory of functions. The word arithmetic comes from the Greek &amp;quot;arithmos&amp;quot;  meaning &amp;quot;number&amp;quot; and the ending -ic,  means &amp;quot;knowledge&amp;quot;. Thus the original meaning was  &amp;quot;knowledge of numbers.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 28:&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;We begin with a discussion of various kinds of numbers and the usual basic operations. The numbers originated in measurements of various kinds (in the animal enclosure: 17 sheep, credit: -250 EURO, per guest: 1 / 8 cake, perimeter of the circle: 2 cm.).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;We begin with a discussion of various kinds of numbers and the usual basic operations. The numbers originated in measurements of various kinds (in the animal enclosure: 17 sheep, credit: -250 EURO, per guest: 1 / 8 cake, perimeter of the circle: 2 cm.).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The basic arithmetic operations are structured in a hierarchy that begins with  addition and &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;then, &lt;/del&gt;its opposite, subtraction . Following on from addition we have multiplication, which is  addition repeated several times. The opposite operation to  multiplication is division.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The basic arithmetic operations are structured in a hierarchy that begins with  addition and &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;its opposite, subtraction. Following on from addition we have multiplication, which is  addition repeated several times. The opposite operation to  multiplication is division.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If one continues in the same way the next operation is exponentiation or  raising to a power&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/del&gt;, which is a multiplication repeated several times. The reverse operation to this is to take the root of a number. Even logarithms can be regarded as a reverse operation  to exponentiation. (This you can read about in Part 3 Roots and Logarithms.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If one continues in the same way the next operation is exponentiation or  raising to a power, which is a multiplication repeated several times. The reverse operation to this is to take the root of a number. Even logarithms can be regarded as a reverse operation  to exponentiation. (This you can read about in Part 3 Roots and Logarithms.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fun puzzles with sound can be found, inter alia, on Puzzel Playground  [http://www.puzzles.com/puzzleplayground/Numbers.htm Puzzel Playground ]]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fun puzzles with sound can be found, inter alia, on Puzzel Playground  [http://www.puzzles.com/puzzleplayground/Numbers.htm Puzzel Playground ]]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;''' It is important to note that the material in this section &amp;amp;mdash; as well as in other parts of the course &amp;amp;mdash; is designed that one does not use  calculators&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/del&gt;.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;''' It is important to note that the material in this section &amp;amp;mdash; as well as in other parts of the course &amp;amp;mdash; is designed that one does not use  calculators.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When you get to university, you will not be allowed to use calculators during your &amp;quot;exams&amp;quot;, at least  this is true for the basic courses. In advanced courses in mathematics one has &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;been &lt;/del&gt;hardly any use of calculators, as the mathematics  is more about understanding  principles  performing  calculation. For example, it is more important to understand why  7 + 3 is the same as 3 + 7, than to be able to carry out the additions and obtain the answer 10. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When you get to university, you will not be allowed to use calculators during your &amp;quot;exams&amp;quot;, at least  this is true for the basic courses. In advanced courses in mathematics one has &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;hardly any use of calculators, as the mathematics  is more about understanding  principles  &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;than &lt;/ins&gt;performing  calculation. For example, it is more important to understand why  7 + 3 is the same as 3 + 7, than to be able to carry out the additions and obtain the answer 10. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 50:&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Start by reading the section's theory  and study  the examples. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Start by reading the section's theory  and study  the examples. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Work through  the practice questions and try to solve them without using a  calculator. Make sure that you have the right answer by clicking on the answer button. If you do not have it, you can click on the solution button to see what went wrong&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Work through  the practice questions and try to solve them without using a  calculator. Make sure that you have the right answer by clicking on the answer button. If you do not have it, you can click on the solution button to see what went wrong&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;Then go ahead and  answer the questions in the basic test of the section. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Gå därefter vidare och svara på frågorna i grundprovet som hör till avsnittet. &lt;/del&gt;Then go ahead and  answer the questions in the basic test of the section. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# If  you get stuck on a point, check to see if someone else has discussed the point in the forum belonging to the section. If not, take up the point yourself. Your teacher (or a student) will respond to your  question within a few hours.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# If  you get stuck on a point, check to see if someone else has discussed the point in the forum belonging to the section. If not, take up the point yourself. Your teacher (or a student) will respond to your  question within a few hours.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#When you are finished with the exercises and the basic test in a section  you should take the final test  to get a pass for the section. The requirement here is to answer correctly  three questions in a row before you can  move on to the next section.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#When you are finished with the exercises and the basic test in a section  you should take the final test  to get a pass for the section. The requirement here is to answer correctly  three questions in a row before you can  move on to the next section.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 60:&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp; PS. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp; PS. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;If you feel that you know the contents of a section  you can test to go directly to basic and final tests. &lt;/del&gt;You must answer all the questions &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;correctlyfor &lt;/del&gt;both &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tests&lt;/del&gt;, but you may do  &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;test several times. Even if  you do not succeed in passing a test at first attempt, it is your last results, which appear in the statistics.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;You must answer all the questions &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;correctly for &lt;/ins&gt;both &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the basic and the final test&lt;/ins&gt;, but you may do  &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a &lt;/ins&gt;test several times. Even if  you do not succeed in passing a test at first attempt, it is your last results, which appear in the statistics.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;If you feel that you are familiar with the contents of a section  you can go directly to the basic and final tests. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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			<pubDate>Tue, 01 Jul 2008 14:55:09 GMT</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Ian</dc:creator>			<comments>http://wiki.sommarmatte.se/wikis/2008/bridgecourse1-ImperialCollege/index.php/Talk:1._Numerical_calculations</comments>		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Ian at 14:45, 1 July 2008</title>
			<link>http://wiki.sommarmatte.se/wikis/2008/bridgecourse1-ImperialCollege/index.php?title=1._Numerical_calculations&amp;diff=1615&amp;oldid=prev</link>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;←Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:45, 1 July 2008&lt;/td&gt;
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		&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Vad är ett tal och vem hittade på de olika räknesätten?'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;What is a number and who invented in the four basic arithmetic operations ? &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Vad är ett tal och vem hittade på de olika räknesätten?'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Titta på videon där universitetslektor Lasse Svensson berättar om hur aritmetiken utvecklats och svarar på Elins frågor.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Watch the video in which the lecturer Lasse Svensson tells us how arithmetic developed and answers Elins questions. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;This first part of the course is about numerical calculations, that is. on calculations with numbers. Another name for this is arithmetic. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Arithmetic is the study of the properties of numbers and the  four basic operations, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. We usually separate   mathematics in different branches or areas, and arithmetic is one of those branches. Other branches are, for example, algebra, geometry and theory of functions. The word arithmetic comes from the Greek &amp;quot;arithmos&amp;quot;  meaning &amp;quot;number&amp;quot; and the ending -ic,  means &amp;quot;knowledge&amp;quot;. Thus the original meaning was  &amp;quot;knowledge of numbers.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Denna första del av kursen handlar om numerisk räkning, dvs. räkning med tal. Ett annat namn för detta är '''aritmetik'''. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;We begin with a discussion of various kinds of numbers and the usual basic operations. The numbers originated in measurements of various kinds (in the animal enclosure: 17 sheep, credit: -250 EURO, per guest: 1 / 8 cake, perimeter of the circle: 2 cm.).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Aritmetik är läran om talens egenskaper och de fyra räknesätten &lt;/del&gt;addition, &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;subtraktion&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;multiplikation och division&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Man brukar dela in matematiken i olika grenar eller områden&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;och aritmetik är en av dessa grenar&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Andra grenar är till exempel algebra, geometri och funktionslära. Ordet aritmetik kommer från grekiskans &amp;quot;arithmos&amp;quot; som betyder &amp;quot;tal&amp;quot; och ändelsen -ik som betyder &amp;quot;kunskap&amp;quot; och betyder därför ursprungligen &amp;quot;talkunskap&amp;quot;&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The basic arithmetic operations are structured in a hierarchy that begins with  &lt;/ins&gt;addition &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and then&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;its opposite&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;subtraction &lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Following on from addition we have multiplication&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;which is  addition repeated several times&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The opposite operation to  multiplication is division&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Vi börjar med en diskussion om olika sorters tal och de vanliga räknesätten&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Talen har sitt ursprung i mätningar av olika slag (i hagen: 17 får&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;på kontot: -250 kr, per gäst: 1/8 tårta, runt cirkeln: &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;2\pi&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; cm&lt;/del&gt;.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;If one continues in the same way the next operation is exponentiation or  raising to a power&lt;/ins&gt;., &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;which is a multiplication repeated several times. The reverse operation to this is to take the root of a number. Even logarithms can be regarded as a reverse operation  to exponentiation. (This you can read about in Part 3 Roots and Logarithms&lt;/ins&gt;.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Räkneoperationerna är uppbyggda i en hierarki som börjar med addition och dess omvändning subtraktion. Utifrån addition kommer multiplikation, som är en addition upprepad flera gånger. Den omvända operationen till multiplikation är division. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Bild:pussel.jpg|thumb|250px|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fun puzzles with sound can be found, inter alia, on Puzzel Playground  [http://www.puzzles.com/puzzleplayground/Numbers.htm Puzzel Playground ]]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Om man följer detta mönster får man sedan potenser, som är en multiplikation upprepad flera gånger&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Den omvända räkneoperationen till potens är att dra roten ur ett tal&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Även logaritmer kan betraktas som en omvänd räkneoperation till potenser. (Detta kan du läsa om i Del 3 &lt;/del&gt;''&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Rötter och Logaritmer&lt;/del&gt;'&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'.)&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;''' It is important to note that the material in this section &amp;amp;mdash; as well as in other parts of the course &amp;amp;mdash; is designed that one does not use  calculators&lt;/ins&gt;..'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When you get to university, you will not be allowed to use calculators during your &amp;quot;exams&amp;quot;, at least  this is true for the basic courses. In advanced courses in mathematics one has been hardly any use of calculators, as the mathematics  is more about understanding  principles  performing  calculation. For example, it is more important to understand why  7 + 3 is the same as 3 + 7, than to be able to carry out the additions and obtain the answer 10. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Bild:pussel.jpg|thumb|250px|Roliga pussel med tal hittar du bland annat på [http://www.puzzles.com/puzzleplayground/Numbers.htm Puzzel Playground ]]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Observera att materialet i denna kursdel &amp;amp;mdash; liksom i övriga delar av kursen &amp;amp;mdash; är utformat för att man ska arbeta med det utan hjälp av miniräknare.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;När du kommer till högskolan kommer du nämligen ''inte'' att få använda miniräknare på dina &amp;quot;tentor&amp;quot;, åtminstone inte på grundkurserna. På högre kurser i matematik har man knappast någon användning för miniräknare, eftersom matematiken då mer handlar om att förstå principer än att utföra räkneoperationer. Det är exempelvis viktigare att förstå varför 7 + 3 är detsamma som 3 + 7, än att kunna utföra additionen och få fram svaret 10. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;inforuta&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;inforuta&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Så här lyckas du med Aritmetiken&lt;/del&gt;''' &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Success with arithmetic &lt;/ins&gt;''' &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Börja med att läsa genomgången till ett avsnitt och tänka igenom exemplen&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Start by reading the section's theory  and study  the examples&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Arbeta sedan med övningsuppgifterna och försök att lösa dem utan miniräknare&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Kontrollera att du kommit fram till rätt svar genom att klicka på svarsknappen&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Har du inte det&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;så kan du klicka på lösningsknappen, för att se hur du ska göra.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Work through  the practice questions and try to solve them without using a  calculator&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Make sure that you have the right answer by clicking on the answer button&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;If you do not have it&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;you can click on the solution button to see what went wrong&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Gå därefter vidare och svara på frågorna i grundprovet som hör till avsnittet. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Skulle du fastna&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;se efter om någon ställt en fråga om just detta i avsnittets &lt;/del&gt;forum. &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ställ annars en fråga om du undrar över något&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Din lärare &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;eller en studiekamrat&lt;/del&gt;) &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;kommer att besvara den inom några timmar&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;När du är klar med övningsuppgifterna och grundproven i ett avsnitt så ska du göra slutprovet för att bli godkänd på avsnittet&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Där gäller det att svara rätt på tre frågor i följd för att kunna gå vidare&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Gå därefter vidare och svara på frågorna i grundprovet som hör till avsnittet&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Then go ahead and  answer the questions in the basic test of the section&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;När du fått alla rätt på både grundprov och slutprov, så är du godkänd på den delen och kan gå vidare till Del &lt;/del&gt;2 &lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;i kursen&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;If  you get stuck on a point&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;check to see if someone else has discussed the point in the &lt;/ins&gt;forum &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;belonging to the section&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;If not, take up the point yourself&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Your teacher &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;or a student&lt;/ins&gt;) &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;will respond to your  question within a few hours&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;When you are finished with the exercises and the basic test in a section  you should take the final test  to get a pass for the section&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The requirement here is to answer correctly  three questions in a row before you can  move on to the next section&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;When you have answered correctly all questions in both the basic and the final test of this section you will have a pass for this section  and can move on to Part &lt;/ins&gt;2 &lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of the course&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp; PS. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;If you feel that you know the contents of a section  you can test to go directly to basic and final tests. You must answer all the questions correctlyfor both tests, but you may do  the test several times. Even if  you do not succeed in passing a test at first attempt, it is your last results, which appear in the statistics.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp; PS. Tycker du att innehållet i ett avsnitt känns väldigt bekant, så kan du testa att gå direkt till grundprovet och slutprovet. Du måste få alla rätt på ett prov, men  kan göra om provet flera gånger, om du inte lyckas på första försöket. Det är ditt senaste resultat som visas i statistiken.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 01 Jul 2008 14:45:25 GMT</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Ian</dc:creator>			<comments>http://wiki.sommarmatte.se/wikis/2008/bridgecourse1-ImperialCollege/index.php/Talk:1._Numerical_calculations</comments>		</item>
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